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Root nerves are cables that exit the vertebral canal branching out from the spinal cord, at each level of our spine carrying signals in and out of the brain. Compression is caused by any condition that puts undue pressure on these structures, most frequently discal protrusion. This situation frequently develops in the cervical and lumbar parts of the spine, which are the most mobile, causing pain in the neck or the low back.
What are the Symptoms of Nerve Root Compression?
Depending on the cause of compression, symptoms may develop quickly or slowly. They differ based on the level and severity of compression.
Common symptoms include the following:
Pain and stiffness in the neck or lower back
Burning pain that spreads to the arms, buttocks, or down into the legs (AKA sciatica)
Numbness, cramping, or weakness in the arms, hands, or legs
Loss of sensation and weakness in the feet
Trouble with hand or leg coordination
Pressure on nerves in the lumbar region (lower back) can cause emergency symptoms like loss of bowel or bladder control, severe numbness in the thighs and legs, severe pain, and weakness in the legs
What Causes Nerve Root Compression?
The most common causes of nerve root compression include:
Gradual wear and tear of the disc
Gradual wear and tear on the bones of the spine/osteoarthritis
Injury to the spine Cancerous and noncancerous tumors
Infection
How is Root Nerve Compression Diagnosed?
Spinal cord compression can be diagnosed by:
X-rays of your spine
CT scan or MRI
Bone scan
CT scan is taken after injecting dye into the spinal column (myelogram)
Electromyography (EMG), an electrical test of muscle activity
How is Spinal Cord Compression Treated?
The treatment plan for a spinal cord compression depends on the causes of compression and the severity of your symptoms. Treatment plans can include the following:
Anti-inflammatory medications may help decrease swelling and reduce pain
Epidural steroid injections into the spinal area
Physiotherapy, which can help to strengthen the related muscles
If compression is due to a tumor, radiation therapy or chemotherapy may be used
Your doctor may suggest surgical treatment if any of the conservative treatments do not work
The surgical procedures include the following:
Vertebrae fusion/bone fusion
Removal of compression (disc, bone spurs, bone fragments, etc.)
Widening the space between the vertebrae using a spacer
How Can I Prevent Root Nerve Compression?
Regular exercise
Maintain good posture
Proper posture while lifting heavy objects
Using a good chair that supports the natural curves of your back while sitting.
Maintain a healthy weight
Do not lift heavy weight with your back muscles only
